Your Cybersecurity Action Guide

Five practical steps to protect your money, your identity, and your peace of mind — no tech expertise required.

Rotary Club of Bellingham • Feb 2026

Everything on this page is something you can do yourself, today. Start with the one that feels most important to you, then come back for the rest. Total time for all five: about 2 hours.

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1

Freeze Your Credit

~30 min

Why This Matters

Your personal information is already out there from data breaches. A credit freeze prevents anyone from opening new credit cards, loans, or lines of credit in your name — even if they have your Social Security number. It's free, it doesn't affect your credit score, and you can temporarily lift it whenever you need to apply for credit yourself.

You Must Freeze at All Three Bureaus

Each bureau maintains a separate file. Freezing one but not the others still leaves you exposed. The good news: each one takes about 10 minutes online.

Equifax

Freeze Online Phone: (888) 298-0045

Experian

Freeze Online Phone: (888) 397-3742

TransUnion

Freeze Online Phone: (800) 916-8800

Step-by-Step (Same Process for Each Bureau)

  1. Visit the bureau's website (links above) and create a free account. You'll need your name, address, Social Security number, and date of birth.
  2. Verify your identity through their security questions or a text/email code.
  3. Once logged in, find the "Security Freeze" or "Freeze" option and activate it. The freeze takes effect immediately.
  4. Save your login credentials and any PIN they provide — you'll need these to temporarily lift the freeze when applying for new credit.
  5. Repeat for the other two bureaus.
Pro Tip:

A credit freeze does NOT affect your credit score or your existing accounts. Your current credit cards and loans continue to work normally. You only need to temporarily lift the freeze when applying for something new (a mortgage, car loan, new credit card, etc.).

Credit Freeze vs. Credit Lock

A credit freeze (also called a security freeze) is free by federal law and is the most secure option. A credit lock is a similar service offered by the bureaus, sometimes with paid premium features, that provides app-based instant control. Either works — the freeze is always free.

2

Turn On Automatic Updates

~10 min

Why This Matters

Software updates fix security holes that hackers exploit. An unpatched phone or computer is like leaving your front door unlocked. Most updates happen quietly in the background — you just need to make sure the setting is turned on.

Important:

If your device is too old to receive updates, it needs to be replaced. Windows 10 PCs lose security support in October 2025. Intel-based Macs will stop receiving security updates by 2028, and older models already have. Old iPhones and Android phones that can't update are security risks. An $800 replacement is far cheaper than dealing with identity theft.

Choose Your Device

Select your device below for step-by-step instructions.

macOS — Check for Updates

  1. Click the Apple menu (top-left corner of your screen).
  2. Select System Settings.
  3. Click General in the sidebar, then Software Update.
  4. Your Mac will check automatically. If an update is available, click Update Now or Upgrade Now.

Enable Automatic Updates

  1. In the same Software Update screen, click Automatic Updates (or the "i" icon next to it).
  2. Turn on Check for updates, Download new updates when available, and Install macOS updates.
  3. Also turn on Install Security Responses and system files for critical patches.
Tip:

Updates usually install overnight when your Mac is plugged in and connected to Wi-Fi. Leave it plugged in at night for the smoothest experience.

Windows 11 — Check for Updates

  1. Click the Start button, then open Settings (the gear icon).
  2. Click Windows Update in the left sidebar.
  3. Click Check for updates. Windows will scan and show available updates.
  4. Click Download & install if updates appear, then restart when prompted.

Enable Automatic Updates

  1. In the Windows Update screen, automatic updates are on by default.
  2. Click Advanced options to fine-tune your preferences.
  3. Turn on Receive updates for other Microsoft products to keep Office and other apps current.
  4. Set your Active hours so Windows doesn't restart while you're using it (e.g., 8 AM to 10 PM).
Tip:

Microsoft releases major security patches on the second Tuesday of every month ("Patch Tuesday"). Keep your computer plugged in and connected to the internet so it can grab these automatically.

iPhone & iPad — Check for Updates

  1. Open Settings.
  2. Tap General, then Software Update.
  3. Your device will check for updates. If one is available, tap Download and Install.
  4. Enter your passcode if prompted and agree to the terms.

Enable Automatic Updates

  1. In the Software Update screen, tap Automatic Updates.
  2. Turn on Download iOS Updates.
  3. Turn on Install iOS Updates.
Tip:

Automatic updates install overnight while your device is charging and connected to Wi-Fi. Plug your phone in at night and it takes care of itself.

Android — Check for Updates

  1. Open Settings.
  2. Scroll down and tap System (on some phones: About phone).
  3. Tap System update (or Software update on Samsung).
  4. Tap Check for update. Download and install if one is available.

Enable Automatic Updates

  1. In the same System update screen, look for an option to auto-download over Wi-Fi and enable it.
  2. For app updates: Open the Google Play Store, tap your profile icon (top right), then Settings > Network preferences > Auto-update apps. Choose Over Wi-Fi only.
Tip:

Menu names vary slightly between Samsung, Google Pixel, and other brands, but the general path is always Settings > System or About phone > System/Software Update.

3

Turn On Two-Factor Authentication

~15 min

Why This Matters

Two-factor authentication (2FA) means that even if someone steals your password, they still can't get into your account without the second factor — usually your phone. It combines something you know (your password) with something you have (your phone or fingerprint).

Where to Start

Enable 2FA on your most important accounts first, in this order:

  1. Your email — This is the master key. If someone gets into your email, they can reset passwords on everything else.
  2. Your bank and financial accounts — Protect your money directly.
  3. Social media — Prevent someone from impersonating you.

How to Enable It

The exact steps vary by service, but the general process is the same:

  1. Log in to the account you want to protect.
  2. Go to Settings or Account Settings.
  3. Look for "Security", "Login & Security", or "Privacy & Security".
  4. Find "Two-Factor Authentication", "Two-Step Verification", or "Multi-Factor Authentication" and turn it on.
  5. Choose your method: text message (easiest) or an authenticator app (more secure). Text messages work great for most people.
  6. Follow the prompts to verify your phone number.
Pro Tip:

Look for "Security Settings" or "Login Preferences" in your financial accounts. Most banks now strongly encourage 2FA and make it easy to enable. If you get a 2FA request you didn't initiate, do NOT approve it — someone may be trying to access your account.

Check If Your Email Has Been Compromised

Visit HaveIBeenPwned.com and enter your email address. This free service tells you if your email was part of a known data breach. If it was, change that password immediately and enable 2FA.

4

Get a Password Manager

~45 min

Why This Matters

How many of you have a password book? Is it in a safe, or is it sitting right next to your computer? Imagine going on a trip and someone breaks into your home — they now have your computer AND your password book.

A password manager stores all your passwords behind one strong master password, protected by two-factor authentication. It also generates unique, strong passwords for every site — so when one company gets hacked (and they will), your other accounts stay safe.

Recommended: Bitwarden (Free)

  1. Visit bitwarden.com and create a free account.
  2. Install the Bitwarden app on your phone (App Store or Google Play) and the browser extension on your computer.
  3. Create a strong master password — consider a passphrase (a string of 4-5 random words, like "purple-mountain-coffee-trains-seven"). Easy to remember, very hard to crack.
  4. Start adding your most important accounts. Open each site, log in normally, and Bitwarden will offer to save the password.
  5. Gradually update your top 5 passwords to unique, strong ones using Bitwarden's password generator.

Already Use Apple or Google?

Apple Passwords (built into iPhones and Macs) and Google Password Manager (built into Chrome and Android) are also good options if you're already in those ecosystems. The most important thing is to use something rather than reusing the same password everywhere or keeping a paper list.

Pro Tip:

The companies you do business with WILL be hacked. Using the same password on multiple sites means one breach compromises all your accounts. Unique passwords for every site is the single most effective thing you can do for password security.

5

Set Up Automatic Backup

~20 min

Why This Matters

If your computer gets hit by ransomware, crashes, or is stolen, a backup means you don't lose your photos, documents, and files. Automatic backups happen silently in the background — you set it up once and forget about it.

What You Need

An external USB drive with at least double your computer's storage. A 1TB or 2TB external drive costs $50-80 at any electronics store and connects with a single cable. That's it.

Choose Your Computer

Time Machine Setup on macOS

Time Machine creates hourly backups that roll into daily and weekly snapshots of your entire Mac.

  1. Connect your external USB or Thunderbolt drive to your Mac.
  2. Click the Apple menu > System Settings.
  3. Click General in the sidebar, then Time Machine.
  4. Click Add Backup Disk (or the + button) and select your external drive.
  5. Click Set Up Disk. When prompted, choose Encrypt backups (recommended) and set a password. Using your Mac login password makes it easy to remember.
  6. Time Machine starts backing up immediately. The first backup takes the longest — you can keep using your Mac while it works.
Tip:

Leave the drive connected whenever you're at your desk. Time Machine backs up automatically every hour. If you disconnect the drive, it simply resumes when you reconnect it. You can show Time Machine in the menu bar through Control Center for quick status checks.

File History Setup on Windows 11

File History automatically backs up your Documents, Pictures, Music, Videos, and Desktop folders to an external drive.

  1. Connect your external USB drive to your PC.
  2. Open the Start menu, search for "Control Panel", and open it.
  3. Go to System and Security > File History.
  4. Click Select drive on the left, choose your external drive, and click OK.
  5. Click Turn on to enable backups. It starts automatically.
  6. (Optional) Click Advanced settings to adjust how often it saves copies (every 10 minutes to daily) and how long to keep them.
Tip:

To include extra folders beyond the defaults, right-click the folder in File Explorer, select Show more options > Include in library. Keep the drive connected for continuous protection — File History caches changes if the drive is temporarily disconnected.

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Bonus: Remember the Philosophy

Five Rules to Live By

  1. Urgency is your enemy. If someone says you must act RIGHT NOW, that's the biggest red flag. Legitimate organizations never pressure you to act immediately. Hang up and call back using a number from the company's official website or the back of your card.
  2. Question everything. That's your grandchild's voice? AI can fake it. Ask a question only the real person would know: "What hospital were you born in?" or "What did I give you for Christmas?"
  3. Don't talk to strangers. If you don't recognize the number, don't answer. If you do answer, don't say "hello" — wait and listen. Scammers can build a voiceprint from your voice over multiple calls.
  4. Technology is your friend and your foe. Updated devices are vastly harder to hack. If your device can't be updated, it's time to replace it.
  5. Use credit cards, not debit. Credit cards cap your fraud liability at $50 and the bank fights for you. With debit, the money vanishes from your account first and you fight to get it back.